IEC

This technical report covers general considerations and guidelines on mitigation methods aimed at ensuring electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) among electrical and electronic apparatus or systems used in industrial, commercial, and residential installations. This technical report is intended for use by installers and users, and to some extent manufacturers, of sensitive electrical or electronic installations and systems, and equipment with high emission levels that could degrade the overall electromagnetic (EM) environment. It applies primarily to new installations, but where economically feasible, it may be applied to extensions or modifications to existing facilities

IEC TR 61000-4-37:2016 outlines a typical test procedure for harmonic analysis in systems comprising tests apparatus designed to comply with IEC 61000-4-7, and products designed to comply with IEC 61000-3-2 and/or IEC 61000-3-12. The test procedure is intended to provide a systematic guidance suitable for use by manufacturers, end users, independent test laboratories and other bodies, for the purpose of determining the applicable compliance status within a wide range of harmonic current emissions. It is not intended as a replacement for type testing of harmonic analyzers, nor does it check all of the parameters specified in IEC 61000-4-7, IEC 61000-3-2, and IEC 61000-3-12. This publication contains attached files in the form of an xls document and a user guide. These files are intended to be used as a complement and do not form an integral part of the standard.

IEC/TR 61000-4-35:2009(E) provides information about extant system-level High-Power Electromagnetic (HPEM) simulators and their applicability as test facilities and validation tools for immunity test requirements in accordance with the IEC 61000 series of standards. HPEM simulators with the capability of conducted susceptibility or immunity testing will be included in a further stage of the project. In the sense of this report the group of HPEM simulators consists of narrow band microwave test facilities and wideband simulators for radiated high power electromagnetic fields. IEC 61000-2-13 defines high power electromagnetic (HPEM) radiated environments as those with a peak power density that exceeds 26 W/m2 (100 V/m or 0,27 A/m). This part of IEC 61000 focuses on a sub-set of HPEM simulators capable of achieving much higher fields. Therefore, the HPEM radiated environments used in this document are characterized by a peak power density exceeding 663 W/m2 (500 V/m or 1,33 A/m). The intention of this report is to provide the first detailed listing of both narrowband (hypoband) and wideband (mesoband, sub-hyperband and hyperband) simulators throughout the world. HEMP simulators are the subject of a separate compendium (IEC 61000-4-32) and thus are outside the scope of this Technical Report. After an introduction, a general description of HPEM simulators, as listed in this Technical Report, is presented. A database has been created by collecting information from simulator owners and operators and this data is presented for the technical characterization of the test facilities. In addition, some important commercial aspects, such as availability and operational status, are also addressed.

Provides information about extant system-level high-altitude EMP (HEMP) simulators and their applicability as test facilities and validation tools for immunity test requirements. This report provides the first detailed listing of HEMP simulators throughout the worldand is the preliminary summary of this effort. It should be updated on a regular basis as the status of test facilities change. The main body of the report is a collection of datasheets describing 42 EMP simulators in 14 countries that are still operational or could be made available for use by the international community.

This part of IEC 61000 provides guidance on principles which can be used as the basis for determining the requirements for the connection of fluctuating installations to MV, HV and EHV public power systems (LV installations are covered in other IEC documents). For the purposes of this report, a fluctuating installation means an installation (which may be a load or a generator) that produces voltage flicker and / or rapid voltage changes. The primary objective is to provide guidance to system operators or owners on engineering practices which will facilitate the provision of adequate service quality for all connected customers. In addressing installations, this document is not intended to replace equipment standards for emission limits. This report addresses the allocation of the capacity of the system to absorb disturbances. It does not address how to mitigate disturbances, nor does it address how the capacity of the system can be increased. Since the guidelines outlined in this report are necessarily based on certain simplifying assumptions, there is no guarantee that this approach will always provide the optimum solution for all flicker situations. The recommended approach should be used with flexibility and engineering judgment as far as engineering is concerned, when applying the given assessment procedures in full or in part. The system operator or owner is responsible for specifying requirements for the connection of fluctuating installations to the system. The fluctuating installation is to be understood as the customer's complete installation (i.e. including fluctuating and non fluctuating parts). Problems related to voltage fluctuations fall into two basic categories:
- Flicker effect from light sources as a result of voltage fluctuations;
- Rapid voltage changes even within the normal operational voltage tolerances are considered as a disturbing phenomenon.
The report gives guidance for the coordination of the flicker emissions between different voltage levels in order to meet the compatibility levels at the point of utilisation. This report primarily focuses on controlling or limiting flicker, but a clause is included to address the limitation of rapid voltage changes. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 1996 and constitutes a technical revision. This new edition is significantly more streamlined than the original technical report (Edition 1), and reflects the experiences gained in the application of the first edition. This technical report has also been harmonised with IEC/TR 61000-3-6 and IEC/TR 61000-3-13. This Technical Report has the status of a basic EMC publication in accordance with IEC Guide 107.

This Technical Report, which is informative in its nature, provides guidance on principles which can be used as the basis for determining the requirements for the connection of distorting installations to MV, HV and EHV public power systems (LV installations are covered in other IEC documents). For the purposes of this report, a distorting installation means an installation (which may be a load or a generator) that produces harmonics and/or interharmonics. The primary objective is to provide guidance to system operators or owners on engineering practices, which will facilitate the provision of adequate service quality for all connected customers. In addressing installations, this document is not intended to replace equipment standards for emission limits. The report addresses the allocation of the capacity of the system to absorb disturbances. It does not address how to mitigate disturbances, nor does it address how the capacity of the system can be increased. Since the guidelines outlined in this report are necessarily based on certain simplifying assumptions, there is no guarantee that this approach will always provide the optimum solution for all harmonic situations. The recommended approach should be used with flexibility and judgment as far as engineering is concerned, when applying the given assessment procedures in full or in part. The system operator or owner is responsible for specifying requirements for the connection of distorting installations to the system. The distorting installation is to be understood as the customer's complete installation (i.e. including distorting and non-distorting parts). Problems related to harmonics fall into two basic categories:
/ - Harmonic currents that are injected into the supply system by converters and harmonic sources, giving rise to harmonic voltages in the system. Both harmonic currents and resulting voltages can be considered as conducted phenomena.
- Harmonic currents that induce interference into communication systems. This phenomenon is more pronounced at higher order harmonic frequencies because of increased coupling between the circuits and because of the higher sensitivity of the communication circuits in the audible range.
This report gives guidance for the co-ordination of the harmonic voltages between different voltage levels in order to meet the compatibility levels at the point of utilisation. The recommendations in this report do not address harmonic interference phenomena in communication circuits (i.e. only the first of the above categories is addressed). This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 1996 and constitutes a technical revision. This edition is significantly more streamlined than first edition, and it reflects the experiences gained in the application of the first edition. As part of this streamlining process, this second edition of IEC/TR 61000-3-6 does not address communications circuit interference. Clause 9 on this (section 10) was removed, as this did not suitably address emission limits for telephone interference. The scope has been adjusted to point out that IEC/TR 61000-3-6 does not address communications circuit interference. This edition has also been harmonised with IEC/TR 61000-3-7 and IEC/TR 61000-3-13. This Technical Report has the status of a basic EMC publication in accordance with IEC Guide 107.

IEC/TR 61000-3-15:2011(E) is concerned with the critical assessment of existing and emerging national and international standards for single and multi-phase dispersed generation systems up to 75 A per phase, particularly converters connected to the public supply low voltage network. This Technical Report intends to serve as a starting point and to ultimately pave the way for the definition of appropriate EMC requirements and test conditions. This Technical Report is limited to EMC issues (immunity and emission) up to 9 kHz and does not include other aspects of connection of generators to the grid. This Technical Report focuses on emission caused by distributed generation (mainly harmonics and inter-harmonics, DC emissions flicker, rapid voltage changes and fluctuations), as well as immunity aspects to normally occurring events in the public supply network (voltage dips and short interruptions, frequency variations, harmonics and interharmonics). Every effort has been made to utilize already existing emission and immunity standards, including the test set-up and existing test equipment in use.

IEC/TR 61000-3-14:2011(E) is a Technical Report which provides guidance on principles that can be used as the basis for determining the requirements for the connection of disturbing installations to low voltage (LV) public power systems. For the purposes of this part of IEC 61000, a disturbing installation means an installation (which may be a load or a generator) that produces disturbances: harmonics and/or interharmonics, voltage flicker and/or rapid voltage changes, and/or voltage unbalance. The primary objective is to provide guidance to system operators or owners for engineering practices, which will facilitate the provision of adequate service quality for all connected customer installations. In addressing installations, this report is not intended to replace equipment standards for emission limits. This report addresses the allocation of the capacity of the system to absorb disturbances. It does not address how to mitigate disturbances, nor does it address how the capacity of the system can be increased.

This part of IEC 61000 provides guidance on principles which can be used as the basis for determining the requirements for the connection of unbalanced installations (i.e. three-phase installations causing voltage unbalance) to MV, HV and EHV public power systems (LV installations are covered in other IEC documents). For the purposes of this report, an unbalanced installation means a three-phase installation (which may be a load or a generator) that produces voltage unbalance on the system. The connection of single-phase installations is not specifically addressed, as the connection of such installations is under the control of the system operator or owner. The general principles however may be adapted when considering the connection of single-phase installations. The primary objective is to provide guidance to system operators or owners on engineering practices, which will facilitate the provision of adequate service quality for all connected customers. In addressing installations, this document is not intended to replace equipment standards for emission limits. The report addresses the allocation of the capacity of the system to absorb disturbances. It does not address how to mitigate disturbances, nor does it address how the capacity of the system can be increased. Since the guidelines outlined in this report are necessarily based on certain simplifying assumptions, there is no guarantee that this approach will always provide the optimum solution for all unbalanced load situations. The recommended approach should be used with flexibility and judgment as far as engineering is concerned, when applying the given assessment procedures in full or in part. The system operator or owner is responsible for specifying requirements for the connection of installations which may cause unbalance on the system. The disturbing installation is to be understood as the complete customer's installation (i.e. including balanced and unbalanced parts). Problems related to unbalance fall into two basic categories.
- Unbalanced installations that draw negative-sequence currents which produce negative-sequence voltages on the supply system. Examples of such installations include arc furnaces and traction loads (typically connected to the public network at HV), and three phase installations where the individual loads are not balanced (typically connected at MV and LV). Negative-sequence voltage superimposed onto the terminal voltage of rotating machines can produce additional heat losses. Negative-sequence voltage can also cause non-characteristic harmonics (typically positive-sequence 3rd harmonic) to be produced by power converters.
- Unbalanced installations connected line-to-neutral can also draw zero-sequence currents which can be transferred or not into the supply system depending on the type of connection of the coupling transformer. The flow of zero-sequence currents in a grounded neutral system causes zero-sequence unbalance affecting line-to-neutral voltages. This is not normally controlled by setting emission limits, but rather by system design and maintenance. Ungrounded-neutral systems and phase-to-phase connected installations are not, however, affected by this kind of voltage unbalance. This report gives guidance only for the coordination of the negative-sequence type of voltage unbalance between different voltage levels in order to meet the compatibility levels at the point of utilisation. No compatibility levels are defined for zero-sequence type of voltage unbalance as this is often considered as being less relevant to the coordination of unbalance levels compared to the first type of voltage unbalance. However, for situations where a non-zero impedance exists between neutral and earth with the system still being effectively grounded (i.e., where the ratio between zero-sequence, X0 and positive sequence reactance X1 is 0 < X0/X1 = 3), this type of voltage unbalance can be of concern especially when the type of connection of the coupling transformer allows zero-sequence path to flow from MV to LV and vice-versa. This Technical Report has the status of a basic EMC publication in accordance with IEC Guide 107. The contents of the corrigendum of April 2010 have been included in this copy.

IEC TR 60919-3:2009+A1:2016 provides general guidance on the dynamic performance of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems. Dynamic performance is meant to include those events and phenomena whose characteristic frequencies or time domain cover the range between transient conditions and steady state. Diode valves are not considered in this specification. This report (IEC 60919-3) which covers dynamic performance, is accompanied by publications for steady-state (IEC 60919-1) and transient (IEC 60919-2) performance. All three aspects should be considered when preparing two-terminal HVDC system specifications. This report should not be used directly as a specification for a specific project, but rather to provide the basis for an appropriate specification tailored to fit actual system requirements for a particular electric power transmission scheme. This report does not intend to discriminate between the responsibility of users and manufacturers for the work specified. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition, which was issued as a technical specification in 1999. It constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) this report concerns only line-commutated converters;
b) significant changes have been made to the control system technology;
c) some environmental constraints, for example audible noise limits, have been added;
d) the capacitor coupled converters (CCC) and controlled series capacitor converters (CSCC) have been included. This consolidated version consists of the second edition (2009) and its amendment 1 (2016). Therefore, no need to order amendment in addition to this publication.