High Power Transient Phenomena

This Technical Report covers guidelines for the mitigation of external electromagnetic influences impinging upon a facility, aimed at ensuring electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) among electrical and electronic apparatus or systems. These influences include lightning, RF transmitters, power-line and telecom transients, high-altitude electromagnetic pulse (HEMP) and other high-power electromagnetic transients. More particularly, this technical report is concerned with the arrangement of shielding and screening against radiated disturbances, and with mitigation of conducted disturbances. These arrangements include appropriate electromagnetic barriers for industrial, commercial, and residential installations. Is intended for use by installers, manufacturers and users of sensitive electrical or electronic installations or systems, and of equipment with emission levels that could degrade the overall electromagnetic (EM) environment. It applies primarily to new installations but, where economically feasible, it may be applied to extensions or modifications to existing facilities.

IEC/TR 61000-4-35:2009(E) provides information about extant system-level High-Power Electromagnetic (HPEM) simulators and their applicability as test facilities and validation tools for immunity test requirements in accordance with the IEC 61000 series of standards. HPEM simulators with the capability of conducted susceptibility or immunity testing will be included in a further stage of the project. In the sense of this report the group of HPEM simulators consists of narrow band microwave test facilities and wideband simulators for radiated high power electromagnetic fields. IEC 61000-2-13 defines high power electromagnetic (HPEM) radiated environments as those with a peak power density that exceeds 26 W/m2 (100 V/m or 0,27 A/m). This part of IEC 61000 focuses on a sub-set of HPEM simulators capable of achieving much higher fields. Therefore, the HPEM radiated environments used in this document are characterized by a peak power density exceeding 663 W/m2 (500 V/m or 1,33 A/m). The intention of this report is to provide the first detailed listing of both narrowband (hypoband) and wideband (mesoband, sub-hyperband and hyperband) simulators throughout the world. HEMP simulators are the subject of a separate compendium (IEC 61000-4-32) and thus are outside the scope of this Technical Report. After an introduction, a general description of HPEM simulators, as listed in this Technical Report, is presented. A database has been created by collecting information from simulator owners and operators and this data is presented for the technical characterization of the test facilities. In addition, some important commercial aspects, such as availability and operational status, are also addressed.

Provides information about extant system-level high-altitude EMP (HEMP) simulators and their applicability as test facilities and validation tools for immunity test requirements. This report provides the first detailed listing of HEMP simulators throughout the worldand is the preliminary summary of this effort. It should be updated on a regular basis as the status of test facilities change. The main body of the report is a collection of datasheets describing 42 EMP simulators in 14 countries that are still operational or could be made available for use by the international community.

IEC 61000-6-7:2014 is intended to be used by suppliers when making claims for the immunity of equipment intended for use in safety-related systems against electromagnetic disturbances. This standard should also be used by designers, integrators, installers, and assessors of safety-related systems to assess the claims made by suppliers. It provides guidance to product committees. This part of IEC 61000 applies to electrical and electronic equipment intended for use in safety-related systems and that is:
- intended to comply with the requirements of IEC 61508 and/or other sector-specific functional safety standards;
- and intended to be operated in industrial locations as described in 3.1.15. The object of this standard is to define immunity test requirements for equipment in relation to continuous and transient, conducted and radiated disturbances, including electrostatic discharge. These requirements apply only to functions intended for use in functional safety applications. Test requirements are specified for each port considered.

Describes performance requirements, test methods and classification procedures for degrees of protection provided by empty enclosures against electromagnetic disturbances for frequencies between 10 kHz and 40 GHz. The shielding protection is measured for the purpose of demonstrating that the enclosure provides adequate shielding of electromagnetic energy to support acceptable performance of the complete assembled units when tested to applicable IEC standards. The purpose of this standard is to provide a repeatable means for evaluating the electromagnetic shielding performance of empty mechanical enclosures, including cabinets and subracks, and to specify a marking code to allow a manufacturer to select an enclosure with a known capability for attenuating electromagnetic fields. The requirements for immunity to various types of electromagnetic disturbances, including lightning and high-altitude electro-magnetic pulse (HEMP) will need to be considered by manufacturers when determining the need for application of this standard for specific equipment and applications, and for the specific enclosure shielding requirements which are necessary as a function of frequency.

Provides a basic description of the methods and means (e.g., instrumentation) for measuring responses arising from high-power transient electromagnetic parameters. These responses can include: - the electric (E) and/or magnetic (H) fields (e.g., incident fields or incident plus scattered fields within a system under test); - the current I (e.g., induced by a transient field or within a system under test); - the voltage V (e.g., induced by a transient field or within a system under test); - the charge Q induced on a cable or other conductor. These measured quantities are generally complicated time-dependent waveforms, which can be described approximately by several scalar parameters, or "observables". These parameters include: - the peak amplitude of the response, - the waveform rise-time, - the pulse width, and - mathematically defined norms obtained from the waveform. This International Standard provides information on the measurement of these waveforms and on the mathematical determination of the characterizing parameters. It does not provide information on specific level requirements for testing. It has the status of a basic EMC publication in accordance with IEC Guide 107.