Maintenance

Design considerations and procedures for storage, location, mounting, ventilation, assembly, and maintenance of lead-acid storage batteries for photovoltaic power systems are provided in this standard. Safety precautions and instrumentation considerations are also included. Even though general recommended practices are covered, battery manufacturers may provide specific instructions for battery installation and maintenance.

Maintenance, test schedules, and testing procedures that can be used to optimize the life and performance of permanently installed, vented lead-acid storage batteries used for standby service are provided. Guidance to determine when batteries should be replaced is also provided. This recommended practice is applicable to standby service stationary applications where a charger maintains the battery fully charged and supplies the dc loads.

Application of this standard includes: (1) Stationary battery energy storage system (BESS) and mobile BESS; (2) Carrier of BESS, including but not limited to lead acid battery, lithiumion battery, flow battery, and sodium-sulfur battery; (3) BESS used in electric power systems (EPS). Also provided in this standard are alternatives for connection (including DR interconnection), design, operation, and maintenance of stationary or mobile BESS used in EPS. Introduction, overview, and engineering issues related to the BESS are given.

The areas of recommended knowledge for installers and maintainers of stationary batteries and related systems, to the extent that they affect the battery, are defined in this recommended practice. Design of the dc system and sizing of the dc battery charger(s) are beyond the scope of this document. Only lead-acid and nickel-cadmium battery technologies are covered in this recommended practice. An outline (not necessarily in training order) of the items that should be covered by training programs for stationary battery installation and maintenance personnel is provided. Certifying trained personnel and providing its own battery technician training programs will not be performed by IEEE.

This recommended practice is limited to maintenance, test schedules and testing procedures that can be used to optimize the life and performance of valve regulated lead-acid (VRLA) batteries for stationary applications. It also provides guidance to determine when batteries should be replaced. An amendment< IEEE Std 1888a is available for this standard.

IEC TS 63049:2017(E) provides the minimum activities deemed necessary to implement an effective quality assurance program for the managing and reducing of risk in the installation and operation of photovoltaic (PV) systems. This document defines requirements for certifying that an entity has and uses a quality assurance program to prevent, or reduce errors and learns from any new errors in installation, operation and maintenance of a PV system. The object of this document is to provide more confidence in the performance and reliability of certified PV systems. By being installed and operated under a Quality Assurance program in accordance with this document, PV systems are expected to operate as designed and as expected based on product warranties.

IEC TS 62446-3:2017(E) defines outdoor thermographic (infrared) inspection of PV modules and plants in operation. This inspection supports the preventive maintenance for fire protection, the availability of the system for power production, and the inspection of the quality of the PV modules. This document lays down requirements for the measurement equipment, ambient conditions, inspection procedure, inspection report, personnel qualification and a matrix for thermal abnormalities as a guideline for the inspection.

IEC 62446-2:2020 describes basic preventive, corrective, and performance related maintenance requirements and recommendations for grid-connected PV systems. The maintenance procedures cover: - Basic maintenance of the system components and connections for reliability, safety and fire prevention; - Measures for corrective maintenance and troubleshooting; - Worker safety; This document also addresses maintenance activities for maximizing anticipated performance such as module cleaning and upkeep of vegetation. Special considerations unique to rooftop or ground-mounted systems are summarized.

This European Standard specifies requirements for protective measures relating to the health and safety of personnel, relevant to commissioning, operation and maintenance of wind turbines. It does not describe instructions and provisions for safe working during manufacture, transport, assembly and installation of the wind turbine. Requirements are specified regarding – hardware provisions being a part of the turbine such as platforms, ladders, lighting, – manuals and warning signs to accommodate safe and quick operation, inspection and maintenance. The requirements and/or measures specified account for the hazards – of mechanical origin such as falling, slipping, locking in, – of thermal origin (fire) such as burns by flames or explosions, – of electricity such as contact with live parts, – generated by noise such as stress and loss of hearing, – generated by neglecting ergonomic principles in machine design such as unhealthy postures or human errors. This standard is prepared for horizontal axis, grid connected wind turbines. For other concepts (e.g. vertical axis turbines) the principles are still valid, but the specific rules or requirements have to be adjusted to the actual concept. Additional provisions and procedures are necessary for turbines installed in water or offshore. The present document only draws attention to these. Provisions and procedures for lifts and Suspended Access Equipment (SAE) in the turbine tower are not included in this standard. This standard is not applicable to wind turbines manufactured before the date of its publication by CENELEC.