European Commission
JRC Smart Electricity Systems

1.Description of the use case

1.1 Name of use case

Name of the use case:
Frequency control
Area Domain(s)/ Zone(s):

1.2 Version management

Version No. Date Name of author(s) Changes Approval status
1 - Marjolaine Farré (Trialog), Andraž Andolšek (cyberGRID), Elchaysse Soudjae (EDM)Christoph Gutschi (cyberGRID), Final version

1.3 Scope and objectives of use case

1.4 Narrative of use case

1.5 Key performance indicators (KPI)

ID Name Description Reference to mentioned use case objectives
Maesha 1.8 Flexibility available Flexibility available in Mayotte thanks to MAESHA DR solutions Target: 2600 kW All
Maesha 1.9 Flexibility available Flexibility available in Mayotte thanks to MAESHA DR solutions Target: 13000 kWh All
Maesha 1.11 Total flexibility available Total flexibility available in Mayotte with MAESHA solutions Target: 4 MW All
Maesha 1.12 Total flexibility available Total flexibility available in Mayotte with MAESHA solutions Target: 18 MWh All
Maesha 4.2 Frequency range Frequency range before and after the project From [49.6;50.6] to [49.8;50.3] Hz All

1.6 Use case conditions

Assumptions
• Industrial prosumers will be interested in and capable of providing flexibility services to the grid
Residential prosumers will be interested in providing flexibility services to the grid
For residential DR: buildings equipped with heating boilers or air-conditioning units with adequate control system in place
At least one battery for frequency control will be connected to the grid and to the FMTP
Batteries should react upon a control signal to change their power output
EV charging stations will be connected to the grid and operating
The output of the PV plants can be controlled
The PV plants should react upon a control signal to change their power output
EDM can update the AGC to communicate FRR setpoints to distributed assets via the FMTP
All assets providing FCR must be equipped with on-site frequency measurement devices with high precision.
Secure and reliable communication channels supporting bidirectional communication between the distributed assets, intermediate platforms (VPPs, EV charging management), the FMTP and the AGC
Contracts between the assets and EDM to ensure legal security during the test period
Prerequisites
For Smart charging EV: EVs must be plugged to the EV charging stations to participate in frequency control
AGC, FMTP and intermediate platforms are available, functioning, integrated, and tested

1.7 Further information to the use case for classification/mapping

Relation to other use cases
Linked to “Voltage control” UC as potential conflicts within flexibility products could appear.
Level of depth:
Prioritisation:
Generic, regional or national relation:
Nature of the use case:
Further keywords for classification:

1.8 General remarks

2.Diagrams of use case

2.1 Diagrams of use case

Diagram name Diagram image
SGAM Business layer of the frequency control use case-specific architecture SGAM Business layer of the frequency control use case-specific architecture
SGAM Function layer of the frequency control use case-specific architecture SGAM Function layer of the frequency control use case-specific architecture
Use case diagram Use case diagram

3. Technical details

3.1 Actors

Actor name Actor type Actor description
Transmission System Operator (TSO) Role According to the Article 2.4 of the Electricity Directive 2009/72/EC (Directive): "a natural or legal person responsible for operating, ensuring the maintenance of and, if necessary, developing the transmission system in a given area and, where applicable, its interconnections with other systems, and for ensuring the long-term Ability of the system to meet reasonable demands for the transmission of electricity". Moreover, the TSO is responsible for connection of all grid users at the transmission level and connection of the DSOs within the TSO control area
Flexibility Operator (FO) Role Generic role which links the role customer and its possibility to provide flexibilities to the roles market and grid; generic role that could be taken by many stakeholders, such as a DSO company, an Energy Service Company (ESCO) or an energy supplier
Consumer (ENTSO-E role model) Role End user of electricity, gas, water or heat. NOTE: As the consumer can also generate energy using a Distributed Energy Resource, he is sometimes called the "Prosumer".
Industrial consumer Role A large consumer of electricity in an industrial / manufacturing industry. May be involved in contract based Demand/Response.
SCADA system Application Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition system provides the basic functionality for implementing EMS or DMS, especially provides the communication with the substations to monitor and control the grid.
AGC Logical actors Automatic gain control. Process to determine the amount of power needed to bring back the frequency to the nominal values.
Communication Platform Communication software Communication software is used to provide remote access to systems and exchange files and messages in text, audio and/or video formats between different computers or users. Communication platform is used to exchange data on network elements outage periods proposals and optimized periods, as well as to confirm/reject optimization solution and to hold conference call in order to harmonize outage periods.
Small-scale virtual power plant Logical Actor This is a type of Intermediate platforms. Software platform that aggregates the flexibility of residential prosumers and PV power plants
Large-scale virtual power plant Logical Actor This is a type of Intermediate platforms. Software platform that aggregates the flexibility of industrial energy assets and BESS
EV charging management platform Logical Actor A platform that manages and aggregates the charging power of multiple EV charging stations
FMTP Logical Actor Flexibility Management and Trading Platform
DER Generic Distributed Energy Resource - "DER devices are generation and energy storage systems that are connected to a power distribution system"
PV power plant Asset Renewable energy source able to provide flexibility of feed-in
Battery Asset Energy storage system capable of providing different services to the grid
P2H system Asset System to convert electricity (optimally from RES) into hydrogen that can be stored to use it eventually for different purposes (feedstock, electricity production, fuel)
Generator Role Generating electricity, contributing actively to voltage and reactive power control, required to provide the relevant data (information on outages, forecast, actual production) to the energy marketplace (see also the Articles 2.1 and 2.2 of the Directive).
EV charging station Device EV charging station
Frequency meter Device Frequency meter, to measure frequency on the entire power network
Smart Meter (SM) System The metering end device is a combination of the following meter-related functions from the Smart Metering reference architecture: • Metrology functions including the conventional meter display (register or index) that are under legal metrological control. When under metrological control, these functions shall meet the essential requirements of the MID; • One or more additional functions not covered by the MID. These may also make use of the display; • Meter communication functions.
Distribution System Operator (DSO) Role According to the Article 2.6 of the Directive: "a natural or legal person responsible for operating, ensuring the maintenance of and, if necessary, developing the distribution system in a given area and, where applicable, its interconnections with other systems and for ensuring the long-term ability of the system to meet reasonable demands for the distribution of electricity". Moreover, the DSO is responsible for regional grid access and grid stability, integration of renewables at the distribution level and regional load balancing.
System Operator (ENTSO-E role model) Role A party that is responsible for a stable power system operation (including the organisation of physical balance) through a transmission grid in a geographical area. The SO will also determine and be responsible for cross border capacity and exchanges. If necessary he may reduce allocated capacity to ensure operational stability. Transmission as mentioned above means "the transport of electricity on the extra high or high voltage network with a view to its delivery to final customers or to distributors. Operation of transmission includes as well the tasks of system operation concerning its management of energy flows, reliability of the system and availability of all necessary system services." (definition taken from the UCTE Operation handbook Glossary). Note: additional obligations may be imposed through local market rules.
Flexibility provider Business Actor Generic presentation of the energy asset capable of providing flexibility on request (Balancing service provider)

3.2 References

No. References type Reference Status Impact on use case Originator/organisation Link
1 Operational guidelines Operational Handbook P1-Policy 1: Load-Frequency Control and Performance Final Medium ENTSO-E
2 Operational guidelines French standards about system operation High French government

4. Step by step analysis of use case

4.1 Frequency reserve requirements

No.
1
Scenario description
Calculating the amount of FCR and FRR needed
Primary actor
SO
Triggering event
Long term planning (yearly activity)
Pre-condition
Historic data about electricity system mid-term consumption forecasts List of planned new DER installations
Postcondition
Required amount of Inertia, FCR, FRR to be contracted and reserved

4.1 Steps of Frequency reserve requirements

Step No. Event Name of process/activity Description of process/activity Service Information producer (actor) Information receiver (actor) Information exchanged (IDs) Requirement, R-IDs
1 Periodically (yearly) Define desired conditions for grid frequency In a phase of mid-term planning, the SO defines the frequency control strategy, incl. nominal (target) frequency value, frequency bandwidth for operation and frequency thresholds for emergency actions CREATE SO (EDM) N/A IE-01-01 (frequency bandwidth and emergency thresholds) R-01-01 Guidelines for operation defined by regulator
2 Periodically (yearly) Collect data of the power system The data to describe the power system (system model) and historic measurements (load, frequency) and events (fault statistics) GET SCADA SO (EDM) IE-01-02 (system model) IE-01-03 (historic measurements) IE-01-04 (fault statistics) R-01-02 (Historic data about electricity system, load and frequency)
3 Periodically (yearly) Mid-term & long-term forecasts The SO generates mid-term and long- term forecasts of the development of consumption and generation CREATE SO (EDM) N/A IE-01-05 (mid-term & long-term forecasts) R-01-03 (List of planned new DER installations)
4 Periodically (yearly) Define design scenarios The SO identifies critical situations (e.g., yearly peak load, separation of parts of the grid, etc.) and defines design scenarios comprising all possible critical situations. CREATE SO (EDM) N/A IE-01-06 (design scenarios) IE-01-01, IE-01-02, IE-01-03, IE-01-04, IE-01-05 received.
5 Periodically (yearly) Calculate the required amount of flexibility- balancing reserve needed on the island - FRR EDM assesses the amount of flexibility (FCR, FRR balancing reserve) required to perform the load-frequency control of the Mayotte power system. CREATE SO (EDM) N/A IE-01-07 (required amount of balancing reserve) IE-01 … IE-06
6 Step 5 finished Define balancing service products Based on the required amount of flexibility the SO defines appropriate balancing products CREATE SO (EDM) N/A IE-01-08 (definition of balancing products and requirements) IE-01-07

4.2 Detection of the frequency issues – FCR

No.
2
Scenario description
Detection of the frequency deviations locally on the site of the flexibility provider
Primary actor
Flexibility provider
Triggering event
Continuous activity
Pre-condition
High precision frequency meter
Postcondition
Frequency deviation detected on-site

4.2 Steps of Detection of the frequency issues – FCR

Step No. Event Name of process/activity Description of process/activity Service Information producer (actor) Information receiver (actor) Information exchanged (IDs) Requirement, R-IDs
1 Periodically (interval of 1 s of faster) Measure the network frequency Energy assets (central assets or DER) capable of providing FCR reserve are equipped with an accurate frequency meter to continuously measure frequency of the point of grid connection in real-time CREATE Frequency meter N/A IE-02-01 (Network frequency) R-02-01 (frequency meter on-site)
2 New frequency measurement available Submit the measured frequency to the local controller The measured frequency must be sent to the local controller capable of receiving freq. measurements in real- time GET Frequency meter Local controller IE-02-01 R-02-02 (on- site PLC)
3 When freq. measurement s arrive to the local controller Calculate frequency deviation An algorithm on the PLC compares the measured frequency with the target value and calculates the deviation CREATE PLC N/A IE-02-02 (frequency deviation) R-02-02

4.3 Detection of the frequency issues – FRR

No.
3
Scenario description
Detection of the frequency deviations centrally in the SCADA
Primary actor
SO (AGC)
Triggering event
Continuous activity
Pre-condition
High precision frequency meter
Postcondition
Frequency deviation detected by central AGC

4.3 Steps of Detection of the frequency issues – FRR

Step No. Event Name of process/activity Description of process/activity Service Information producer (actor) Information receiver (actor) Information exchanged (IDs) Requirement, R-IDs
1 Continuously Measure grid frequency An accurate (central) frequency meter located in a major substation (e.g., Longoni, Badamiers) measures frequency of the grid in real-time CREATE Frequency meter N/A IE-03-01 (grid frequency) R-03-01 (central frequency meter)
2 Continuously Receive frequency measurement The measured frequency is received by the AGC embedded in the SCADA. GET Frequency meter AGC IE-03-01 R-03-02 (AGC)
3 Frequency measurement received by AGC Measured frequency is stored and available for processing The frequency measurements need to be persisted and available in real time and for later analysis. The SCADA (where AGC is embedded) saved the measurements in a database. REPORT SCADA AGC IE-03-01 R-03-03 (data storage)
4 Frequency measurement received by AGC Calculate the frequency deviation Calculate the difference between the current measured frequency and the define nominal (target) frequency (e.g., 50 Hz) CREATE AGC N/A IE-03-02 (frequency deviation) R-03-02
5 Frequency deviation calculated Calculate the new FRR setpoint Based on the actual frequency deviation and its change in time the control algorithm calculates the new FRR setpoint CHANGE AGC N/A IE-03-03 (updated FRR setpoint) R-03-04 (P-f- control algorithm)

4.4 Contracting balancing service products

No.
4
Scenario description
Contractual obligations between the SO (EDM) and the flexibility providers
Primary actor
SO
Triggering event
Periodic tender (yearly, monthly, weekly and/or daily)
Pre-condition
Prequalified DER available
Postcondition
List of available flexible capacity and price (merit order)

4.4 Steps of Contracting balancing service products

Step No. Event Name of process/activity Description of process/activity Service Information producer (actor) Information receiver (actor) Information exchanged (IDs) Requirement, R-IDs
1 After definition of technical require- ments Publish technical and market rules for balancing services The SO publishes the document describing the balancing services, their technical and administrative requirements and tendered products. CREATE SO (EDM) flexibility providers IE-04-01 (balancing services rules) IE-01-08
2 After reception of balancing service rules flexibility providers prepare for participation in balancing services (3 rd party) flexibility providers able to fulfil the SO’s requirements prepare for participation via the FMTP, directly or by aggregation via an intermediate platform (e.g., analyse available flexible power, identify suitable flexibility services and products, fulfil technical requirements). Finally, the flexibility provider or aggregator requests the prequalification of the DER (if directly connected to the FMTP). EXECUTE Flexibility provider DER IE-04-02 (Request for prequalification of DER) I-E04-01
3 After reception of tender announcement Aggregators prepare for participation in balancing services Aggregators prepare for balancing service provision, implementing the technical requirements and establishing contracts with flexibility providers. Finally, the aggregator requests the prequalification of the intermediate platform. EXECUTE Aggregator Intermediate platform IE-04-03 (Request for prequalification of platform) IE-04-01
4 SO received request for prequalification Prequalify flexibility provider The SO and flexibility provider (and aggregator if involved) conduct a series of tests to confirm the technical and administrative capability of the DER (and intermediate platform if involved) to provide the balancing services according to the SO’s requirements. The step is finalized by issuing the confirmation of prequalification by the SO. EXECUTE SO flexibility provider IE-04-04 (confirmation of prequalification) IE-04-02 or IE-04-03
5 Periodically (yearly, monthly, weekly, or daily) Publish tender for balancing services The SO details the balancing market products and starts a tendering process and informs all prequalified flexibility providers about the tender CREATE SO (EDM) Intermediate platforms IE-04-05 (rules and schedules of balancing service tender) IE-01-08
6 Step 05 finalized Submit balancing services bids The prequalified flexibility providers forecast the available power for the tendered balancing service products and calculate the costs of service provision. Then the most suitable balancing products are identified and balancing service bids are submitted via FMTP. CREATE flexibility provider or aggregator SO IE-04-06 (balancing service bid document) IE-04-05, R-04-01 (prequalified flexibility providers)
7 SO received bid for balancing service provision Contract balancing services The SO selects the most favourable bids for flexibility service provision according to the tendering rules and informs the flexibility providers about acceptance or rejection of their bids via the FMTP. The acceptance of a balancing service bid is equivalent to a legal contract between SO and flexibility provider. EXECUTE SO (EDM) Flexibility providers IE-04-07 (balancing service bid acceptance) IE-04-06 received

4.5 Flexibility activation through local controller – FCR

No.
5
Scenario description
Activation of the flexibility providers automatically using its local controller
Primary actor
Flexibility provider
Triggering event
Frequency deviation detected on-site
Pre-condition
FCR control algorithm implemented in on-site controller
Postcondition
FCR provision by DER

4.5 Steps of Flexibility activation through local controller – FCR

Step No. Event Name of process/activity Description of process/activity Service Information producer (actor) Information receiver (actor) Information exchanged (IDs) Requirement, R-IDs
1 Reception of FCR bid acceptance Enable FCR service The FCR functionality is unlocked via the PLC of the DER during the timespan defined in the accepted FCR bid. CREATE PLC N/A IE-05-01 (FCR provision enabled) IE-04-07 (accepted FCR bid)
2 FCR provision enabled Calculate FCR setpoint The PLC calculates the FCR setpoint depending on the frequency deviation (calculated on-site and in real time, see scenario 2) based on an algorithm defined by the SO; e.g., a linear curve P FCR =f(Df) CREATE PLC DER IE-05-02 (FCR setpoint) IE-02-02 (frequency deviation) R-05-01 (P(Df) characteristics implemented)
3 FCR setpoint calculated (continuously, e.g., 1 s interval) Follow new FCR setpoint The DER adapts the active power feed-in (or consumption) according to the FCR setpoint within the required FAT. EXECUTE DER N/A IE-05-02 (FCR setpoint) R-05-02 (DER operative)
4 Continuously (e.g., 1 s interval) Send monitoring data to FMTP As long as the FCR service provision is enabled (timespan of the accepted FCR bid), the PLC sends monitoring data to the FMTP, where it is forwarded to the AGC) CREATE PLC (DER) AGC IE-05-03 FCR monitoring data R-05-03 (communicatio n channel between PLC and FMTP) R-05-05 active power meter (on-site)
5 Continuously Validate FCR provision The AGC receives the FCR monitoring data and compares the measurements with the expected behaviour. CREATE AGC N/A IE-05-04 FCR validation report R-05-04 (algorithm to validate FCR performance)
6 FCR malperfor- mance detected Inform flexibility provider about mal- performance The SO informs the flexibility provider about the FCR malperformance and orders immediate correction of the behaviour REPORT SO flexibility provider IE-05-04 FCR validation report
7 FCR validation report received Remedy FCR malperformance The flexibility provider updates the DER control algorithms in order to remedy the FCR malperformance and to provide the FCR service according to technical specifications. EXECUTE flexibility provider DER IE-05-04 FCR validation report

4.6 Flexibility activation through the Flexibility Management and Trading Platform (FMTP) – FRR

No.
6
Scenario description
Activation of the flexibility providers automatically using centralized platform - FMTP
Primary actor
FMTP
Triggering event
Frequency deviation detected by AGC
Pre-condition
AGC’s control algorithm trained with system characteristics
Postcondition
FRR provision by DER

4.6 Steps of Flexibility activation through the Flexibility Management and Trading Platform (FMTP) – FRR

Step No. Event Name of process/activity Description of process/activity Service Information producer (actor) Information receiver (actor) Information exchanged (IDs) Requirement, R-IDs
1 Reception of FRR bid acceptance Enable FRR service The FRR functionality is unlocked on the intermediate platform and/or the PLC of the DER during the timespan defined in the accepted FRR bid. The PLC starts waiting to receive activation requests from the FMTP or intermediate platform. CREATE Intermediate platform PLC IE-06-01 (FRR provision enabled) IE-04-07 (accepted FRR bid)
2 New FRR setpoint available Dispatch balancing assets The new FRR setpoint is dispatched between central balancing assets (diesel engines operated by the SO) and distributed balancing assets (DER operated by third party). CREATE AGC DER IE-06-02 (setpoints for central balancing assets) IE-06-03 (setpoint for DER) R-06-01 (dispatching algorithm)
3.1 Central assets’ FRR setpoint updated Receive new FRR setpoints Central balancing assets (operated by the SO) receive their new individual setpoint GET SO Central balancing asset (diesel engines) IE-06-02 R-06-02 (central balancing asset available)
3.2 Decentral assets’ FRR setpoint updated Receive new FRR setpoints The updated FRR setpoint is received by the FMTP platform. GET SO FMTP IE-06-03 R-06-03 (FMTP available) R-06-07 (comm. channel between AGC and FMTP)
4 FMTP received a new FRR setpoint FMTP dispatches contracted flexibility providers The FMTP distributes the received FRR setpoint between the contracted flexibility providers (DERs or intermediate platforms) based on predefined rules (pro-rata or according to merit order), and submits the activation requests (direct setpoint or activation schedule). EXECUTE FMTP DERs or intermediate platforms IE-06-04 (activation requests) R-06-03 (FMTP available) R-06-06 (communicatio n channel between FMTP and intermediate platforms or large DER)
5 Intermediate platform receives activation request Intermediate platform distributes activation requests The intermediate platform dis-aggregates the received activation request and forwards the setpoints to the connected DER, which previously indicated availability. EXECUTE Intermediate platform DER IE-06-05 (individual setpoints) R-06-04 (DER available) R-06-05 (communicatio n channel between DER and interme- diate platform)
6 DER received the activation request FRR provision by DER The DER changes its generation or consumption according to the received setpoint within the required FAT (details see scenario 8). EXECUTE DER N/A IE-06-05 R-06-04 (DER available)
7 Continuously (e.g., in 2 s interval) Send monitoring data to intermedia- te platform As long as the FRR service provision is enabled (timespan of the accepted FRR bid), the DER sends monitoring data to the intermediate platform. CREATE PLC (DER) Intermediate platforms IE-06-06 (individual FRR monitoring data) R-06-05 R-05-05 (active power meter, on-site)
8 Continuously (e.g., in 2 s interval) Send monitoring data to AGC The intermediate platform receives monitoring data from the connected DER and aggregates the values. The aggregated values are sent to the FMTP. Alternatively, large DER send monitoring data directly to the FMTP, without aggregation via an intermediate platform. CREATE Intermediate platform FMTP IE-06-07 (aggregated FRR monitoring data) R-06-06 (communicatio n channel between FMTP and intermediate platforms or large DER)
9.1 Continuously Validate FRR provision The FMTP receives the FRR monitoring data and compares the measurements with the expected behaviour. CREATE FMTP N/A IE-06-08 FRR validation report R-06-08 (algorithm to validate FRR performance)
9.2 Yearly Validate FRR provision In case of doubts, the SO compares FRR monitoring data with (public) meter readings. EXECUTE SO N/A IE-06-08 FRR validation report R-06-09 (meter data)
10 FRR malperformance detected Inform flexibility provider about malperformance The SO informs the flexibility provider about the FRR malperformance and orders immediate correction of the behaviour. REPORT SO flexibility provider IE-06-08 FRR validation report
11 FRR validation report received Remedy FRR malperformance The flexibility provider updates the DER control algorithms in order to remedy the FRR malperformance and to provide the FRR service according to technical specifications. EXECUTE Flexibility provider DER IE-06-08 FRR validation report

4.7 Settlement process to remunerate flexibility activation

No.
7
Scenario description
Validation and settlement of the activation responses
Primary actor
SO
Triggering event
Daily or monthly
Pre-condition
Meter data available
Postcondition
Remuneration of ancillary service provision per DER

4.7 Steps of Settlement process to remunerate flexibility activation

Step No. Event Name of process/activity Description of process/activity Service Information producer (actor) Information receiver (actor) Information exchanged (IDs) Requirement, R-IDs
1 Daily Process monitoring data In the morning hours the energy activated during the previous day is calculated individually for each balancing service contract (accepted bid). EXECUTE SO (EDM) N/A IE-04-07 (balancing service bid acceptance), IE-06-07 (monitoring data) IE-06-08 FRR validation report, IE-05-04 FCR validation report
2 After completing previous step Accounting of balancing service provision The activated energy and reserved capacity (provided by the aggregator or flexibility provider) is accounted per accepted bid and summarized by flexibility provider. CREATE SO (EDM) Flexibility provider IE-07-01 (daily balancing service accounting) IE-04-07 (balancing service bid acceptance),
3 Monthly Remuneration of flexibility service provision The daily remuneration of balancing service provision is summarized for the entire past month and remunerated to each flexibility provider EXECUTE SO (EDM) flexibility provider IE-07-02 (monthly balancing service accounting and remuneration report) IE-07-01

4.8 Frequency control by flexibility provider

No.
8
Scenario description
The process of flexibility provision by the flexibility provider
Primary actor
Flexibility provider
Triggering event
Reception of activation signal or activation schedule
Pre-condition
Flexibility bid accepted via FMTP
Postcondition
Successful provision of flexibility service

4.8 Steps of Frequency control by flexibility provider

Step No. Event Name of process/activity Description of process/activity Service Information producer (actor) Information receiver (actor) Information exchanged (IDs) Requirement, R-IDs
1 Daily Forecast flexible capacity for upcoming tender period The flexibility provider forecasts the amount and costs of the balancing service provision for the next tender period. CREATE Flexibility provider (DER) Aggregator (intermediary platform) IE-08-01 (forecast of flexible capacity and costs) R-08-01 (Operational forecast of DER)
2 Previous step finalized Aggregator receives flexibility forecast The aggregator receives the flexible capacity & cost forecasts of all contracted flexibility providers (DERs) and creates a merit order of flexibility. CREATE Aggregator (intermediary platform) N/A IE-08-02 (flexibility merit order) IE-08-01, R-06-05 (communicatio n channel between DER and interme- diate platform)
3 Previous step finalized Participation in balancing service tender The aggregator participates in the balancing service tender, creates bids and submits the bids to the FMTP. (See scenario 4) CREATE Aggregator FMTP IE-04-06 (balancing service bid document)
4 Bid acceptance message received Flexibility reservation request The aggregator informs the connected DER about required flexibility reservation for the next product period and the conditions for balancing service provision. CREATE Aggregator DER IE-08-02 (Flexibility reservation request) R-06-05 (communicatio n channel between DER and interme- diate platform)
5 Flexibility reservation request received Flexibility reservation The DER reserves the requested flexibility for the product period. EXECUTE DER Aggregator IE-08-02
6 Continuously Real-time flexibility calculation The DER calculates the actual flexibility bandwidth in real time and reports the values to the intermediary platform. CREATE PLC (DER) intermediary platform IE-08-03 (actual flexibility of DER) R-06-05 (communicatio n channel between DER and interme- diate platform)
7 Continuously Listen to incoming setpoints The PLC receives a setpoint to start an activation GET Intermediary platform PLC IE-06-05 (individual setpoints)
8 Activation setpoint received by DER Start activation program After receiving a new setpoint (see (see scenario 6), the PLC of the DER initiates the activation program (ramp-up) in order to meet the setpoint received from the intermediary platform within the FAT. EXECUTE PLC (DER) N/A IE-06-05
9 Continuously Listen to incoming setpoints The PLC receives a new setpoint to change the power of an activation. GET Intermediary platform PLC IE-06-05
10 New activation setpoint received by DER Change activation program The PLC of the DER updates the activation program (ramp-up) in order to meet the new setpoint within the FAT. EXECUTE PLC (DER) N/A IE-06-05
11 Continuously Listen to incoming setpoints The PLC receives a setpoint of 0 MW to end the ongoing activation. GET Intermediary platform PLC IE-06-05
12 Activation end received by DER End activation program. The PLC of the DER initiates the end activation program (ramp-down) in order and the balancing energy provision within the FAT. EXECUTE PLC (DER) N/A IE-06-05
13 Continuously (e.g., 2 s interval) Send monitoring data The DER processes the actual measurements and sends the required monitoring data to the intermediary platform. CREATE PLC (DER) intermediary platform IE-06-06 (individual FRR monitoring data R-05-05 active power meter (on-site)

5 Information exchanged

5.1 Information exchanged

Requirement, R-IDs Information exchanged, ID Name of information Description of Information Exchanged
R-05-03 IE-01-01 frequency bandwidth and emergency thresholds Predefined bandwidth of allowed system frequency, including target value (50 Hz) and thresholds for initiating emergency measures
R-06-07 IE-01-02 System model Model of the power system supporting dynamic analyses
R-05-03, R-06-05, R-06-06, R-06-07 IE-01-03 historic measurements Historic timeseries of measured generation, consumption and system frequency
R-05-03 IE-01-04 Fault statistics Statistics of faults in the power system that are relevant for balancing reserve dimensioning
R-05-03, R-06-05, R-06-06, R-06-07 IE-01-05 Consumption forecasts Mid-term (timeseries) of the total consumption
R-06-07 IE-01-06 Design scenarios Expected critical situations (e.g., yearly peak load, separation of parts of the grid, etc.) relevant for balancing reserve dimensioning
R-05-03, R-06-05, R-06-06, R-06-07 IE-01-07 Required amount of balancing reserve Required number of balancing reserves to ensure a stable operation of the power system, (e.g., 99.975% reliability)
R-05-03, R-06-05, R-06-06, R-06-07 IE-01-08 Balancing products and requirements Definition of balancing products and requirements comprising: products (duration, min. bid size, direction, tolerances)
R-05-03, R-06-05, R-06-06, R-06-07 IE-02-01 Network frequency Actual measurements of network frequency measured on-site by DER
R-05-03, R-06-05, R-06-06, R-06-07 IE-02-02 Frequency deviation Actual frequency deviation detected on-site at DER
R-05-03 IE-03-01 Grid Frequency Actual measurements of grid frequency centrally acquired by SO
R-05-03 IE-03-02 Frequency deviation Actual frequency deviation detected centrally by SO
R-06-07 IE-03-03 Updated FRR setpoint Actual FRR setpoint calculated by AGC, sum for all assets participating in FRR service provision
R-05-03, R-06-05, R-06-06, R-06-07 IE-04-01 Balancing services rules The document describing the rules for participation in balancing services, their technical and administrative requirements and tendered products, as well as the prequalification procedure
R-05-03, R-06-05, R-06-06, R-06-07 IE-04-02 Request for prequalification of DER The flexibility provider (DER operator) applies for the prequalification for the balancing service participation.
R-06-06, R-06-07 IE-04-03 Request for prequalification of platform The aggregator (intermediate platform operator) applies for the prequalification for the balancing service participation.
R-06-06, R-06-07 IE-04-04 Confirmation of prequalification The SO confirms the successful prequalification of a DER or platform. Confirmation may need to be renewed after an expiry period.
R-06-06, R-06-07 IE-04-05 Rules and schedules of balancing service tender The SO publishes the rules and schedules of balancing service tender, including description of tendered balancing service products.
R-06-06, R-06-07 IE-04-06 Balancing service bid document The aggregator or flexibility provider participates in the tender for balancing services by submitting one or multiple binding bids. Bids contains ID of bidder, date, timespan, product ID, power, capacity price, energy price.
R-06-05, R-06-06, R-06-07 IE-04-07 Balancing service bid acceptance The SO informs the bidders about acceptance or rejection of the bids submitted in the tender.
R-05-03 IE-05-01 FCR provision enabled The (PLC of the) DER enabled the FCR functionality and starts detecting the frequency deviations.
R-05-03 IE-05-02 FCR setpoint FCR setpoint calculated on-site by PLC (DER)
R-06-05, R-06-06 IE-05-03 FCR monitoring data The FCR monitoring data includes local measurements of frequency, active power, calculated setpoint, actual FCR provision. It is submitted in short intervals (e.g., of 2 s).
R-06-05, R-06-06 IE-05-04 FCR validation report The FCR validation report summarizes the quality of FCR service provision of a flexibility provider.
R-05-03, R-06-05, R-06-06 IE-06-01 FRR provision enabled The (PLC of the) DER enabled the FCR functionality and starts listening for incoming setpoints.
R-06-06, R-06-07 IE-06-02 FRR setpoints for central balancing assets FRR setpoints for central balancing assets (controlled by the SO)
R-06-06 IE-06-03 FRR setpoint for DER FRR setpoints for central balancing assets (controlled by the SO)
R-06-05, R-06-06 IE-06-04 FRR Activation requests FRR setpoints for DER (controlled by 3 rd party flexibility providers)
R-06-05 IE-06-05 Individual FRR setpoints Individual FRR setpoints for DER controlled via an intermedia platform
R-06-05 IE-06-06 Individual FRR monitoring data Monitoring data of individual DER, which is sent to an intermediate platform Datapoints: active power, baseline, setpoint, FRR activation, control bandwidth
R-06-05, R-06-06, R-06-07 IE-06-07 Aggregated FRR monitoring data Aggregated monitoring data of a pool of DER (managed by an intermediary platform), which is sent to the FMTP. Datapoints: active power, baseline, setpoint, FRR activation, control bandwidth
R-05-03, R-06-05, R-06-06, R-06-07 IE-06-08 FRR validation report The FCR validation report summarizes the quality of FRR service provision of a flexibility provider.
R-06-05, R-06-06, R-06-07 IE-07-01 Daily balancing service accounting Accounting of provided balancing energy and related costs (according to balancing service bid document), created on d+1
R-06-05, R-06-06, R-06-07 IE-07-02 Monthly balancing service accounting and remuneration report Monthly sum of Daily balancing service accounting positions, which are used for remuneration of the flexibility provider
R-06-05, R-06-06, R-06-07 IE-08-01 Forecast of flexible capacity and costs The forecast of flexible capacity and costs of a DER is generated for the entire upcoming product duration, that is tendered.
R-06-05, R-06-06, R-06-07 IE-08-02 Flexibility merit order The flexibility merit order sorts the DER’s flexibility forecasts according to their costs (from cheapest to most expensive).
R-06-05, R-06-06, R-06-07 IE-08-03 Actual flexibility of DER The actual flexibility bandwidth of a DER

6 Requirements

6.1 General requirements

Category ID
Maesha_general_req
Category name for requirements
General requirements
Category description
All requirements for the implementation of the frequency control use case
Requirement R-ID Requirement name Requirement description
R-01-01 Guidelines for system operation The document describes the technical, organisational and administrative rules for operation of an electricity system. Published by the regulator.
R-01-02 Historic data about electricity system, load and frequency Historic system configuration and timeseries of historic measurements of total load, total generation and system frequency
R-01-03 List of planned new DER installations A listing of all new DER (incl. Nominal power, type, connection point and operational characteristics) that have expressed the aim to connect to the public grid
R-02-01 Frequency meter, on-site A high precision frequency meter installed at the DER site
R-02-02 On-site PLC A PLC to control the operation of the DER
R-03-01 Central frequency meter A high precision frequency meter installed at a major central power plant or primary substation
R-03-02 AGC A system for automatic generation control
R-03-03 Data storage Performant storage of all incoming monitoring data
R-03-04 P-f- control algorithm Load-frequency-control algorithm
R-04-01 Prequalified flexibility providers A flexibility provider (DER and/or intermediary platform) that passed the prequalification procedure with the SO.
R-05-01 P(Df) characteristics implemented An algorithm defined by the SO; e.g., a linear curve P FCR =f(Df), implemented on a local PLC
R-05-02 DER operative A DER is available for balancing service provision.
R-05-03 Communication channel between PLC and FMTP Highly reliable and available communication channel, redundant if needed
R-05-04 Algorithm to validate FCR performance An algorithm to automatically compare a DER’s (or platform’s) FCR provision with the expected tolerance bandwidth
R-05-05 Active power meter (on-site) A high precision active power meter installed at the DER
R-06-01 Dispatching algorithm FRR dispatching algorithm implemented at the AGC
R-06-02 Central balancing asset available The central balancing asset, operated by the SO, is available for FRR provision.
R-06-03 FMTP available The FMTP is operative.
R-06-04 DER available The DER is operative and available for FRR or FCR provision.
R-06-05 Communication channel between DER and interme- diate platform Highly reliable communication channel
R-06-06 Communication channel between FMTP and intermediate platforms or large DER Highly reliable communication channel, redundant if needed
R-06-07 Comm. channel between AGC and FMTP Highly reliable communication channel, redundant
R-06-08 Algorithm to validate FRR performance An algorithm to automatically compare a DER’s (or platform’s) FRR provision with the expected tolerance bandwidth
R-06-09 Meter data Metering data from the calibrated public (utility) meter
R-08-01 Operational forecast of DER A forecast of the normal operation of the DER (e.g., market schedule)

7 Common terms and definitions

7.1 Common terms and definitions

Term Definition
aFRR Automatic Frequency Restoration Reserve
AGC Automatic Generation Control
BESS Battery Energy Storage System
CO2 Carbon Dioxide
CRE Commission de Régulation de l’Energie
DER Distributed Energy Resources
DR Demand Response
EDM Electricité de Mayotte
ENTSO-E European Network of Transmission System Operators
EU European Union
EV Electric Vehicle
EVSE Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment
FAT Full Activation Time
FCR Frequency Containment Reserve
FCR-D Frequency Containment Reserve for Disturbances
FCR-N Frequency Containment Reserve for Normal Operation
FMTP Flexibility Management and Trading Platform
FRR Frequency Restoration Reserve
mFRR Manual Frequency Restoration Reserve
P2H Power-to-Hydrogen
P2H2P Power-to-Hydrogen-to-Power
PEM Proton Exchange Membrane
PLC Power local controller
PV Photovoltaic
RES Renewable Energy Sources
ROCOF Rate of Change of Frequency
SCADA Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
SO System Operator
SoC State of Charge
TSO Transmission System Operator
UC Use Case
V2G Vehicle-to-Grid
VPP Virtual Power Plant

8 Custom information

8.1 Refer to section

Refers to section Value Key

Publisher Organization

Organization name Organization Acronym Country
TRIALOG
Technologies for use cases:
High level Use Case:
Related Project:
Cordis Link:

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