Secondary Batteries

Gives guidance on procedures for testing the effectiveness of devices which are used to reduce the hazards of an explosion, together with the protective measures to be taken.

IEC TR 62914:2014 identifies experimental procedures for the forced internal short-circuit tests in terms of designation, dimensions, tests and requirements. This technical report provides supplemental information to perform the forced internal short-circuit test of IEC 62133:2012 (Subclause 8.3.9).

Outlines the fundamental conditions necessary for the creation of each hazard. It includes identification and characterization of the possible hazards inherent in the application, use, and abuse of nickel-cadmium cells and batteries. It also includes examples for appliance design which minimizes these hazards. Additionally it presents some typical but non-exhaustive examples of misuse that may precipitate or actions which mitigate the hazard.

IEC 63056:2020 specifies requirements and tests for the product safety of secondary lithium cells and batteries used in electrical energy storage systems (Figure 2) with a maximum DC voltage of 1 500 V (nominal). Basic safety requirements for the secondary lithium cells and batteries used in industrial applications are included in IEC 62619. This document provides additional or specific requirements for electrical energy storage systems. Since this document covers batteries for various electrical energy storage systems, it includes those requirements which are common and minimum to the electrical energy storage systems. Examples of appliances that are within the scope of this document are: • telecommunications, • central emergency lighting and alarm systems, • stationary engine starting, • photovoltaic systems, • home (residential) energy storage systems (HESS), and • large energy storage: on-grid/off-grid. This document applies to cells and batteries for uninterruptible power supplies (UPS). This document does not apply to portable systems 500 Wh or below, which are covered by IEC 61960-3.

IEC 62902:2019 specifies methods for the clear identification of secondary cells, batteries, battery modules and monoblocs according to their chemistry (electrochemical storage technology). The markings described in this document are applicable for secondary cells, batteries, battery modules and monoblocs with a volume of more than 900 cm3. The marking of the chemistry is useful for the installation, operation and decommissioning phases of battery life. Many recycling processes are chemistry specific, thus undesired events can occur when a battery which is not of the appropriate chemistry enters a given recycling process. In order to ensure safe handling during sorting and recycling processes, therefore, the battery is marked so as to identify its chemistry. IEC 62902:2019 defines the conditions of utilization of the markings indicating the chemistry of these secondary batteries. The details of markings and their application are defined in this document.

IEC 62620:2014 specifies marking, tests and requirements for lithium secondary cells and batteries used in industrial applications including stationary applications. When there exists an IEC standard specifying test conditions and requirements for cells used in special applications and which is in conflict with this standard, the former takes precedence. (e.g. IEC 62660 series on road vehicles). The following are some examples of applications that utilize the cells and batteries under the scope of this standard. - Stationary applications: telecom, uninterruptible power supplies (UPS), electrical energy storage system, utility switching, emergency power and similar applications. - Motive applications: fork-lift truck, golf cart, AGV, railway, and marine, excluding road vehicles. This standard applies to cells and batteries. If the battery is divided into smaller units, the smaller unit can be tested as the representative of the battery. The manufacturer clearly declares the tested unit. The manufacturer may add functions, which are present in the final battery, to the tested unit.

IEC 62619:2017 specifies requirements and tests for the safe operation of secondary lithium cells and batteries used in industrial applications including stationary applications. When there exists an IEC standard specifying test conditions and requirements for cells used in special applications and which is in conflict with this document, the former takes precedence (e.g., IEC 62660 series on road vehicles). The following are some examples of applications that utilize cells and batteries under the scope of this document. - Stationary applications: telecom, uninterruptible power supplies (UPS), electrical energy storage system, utility switching, emergency power, and similar applications. - Motive applications: forklift truck, golf cart, auto guided vehicle (AGV), railway, and marine, excluding road vehicles. Since this document covers batteries for various industrial applications, it includes those requirements, which are common and minimum to the various applications. Electrical safety is included only as a part of the risk analysis of Clause 8. In regard to details for addressing electrical safety, the end use application standard requirements have to be considered. This document applies to cells and batteries. If the battery is divided into smaller units, the smaller unit can be tested as the representative of the battery. The manufacturer clearly declares the tested unit. The manufacturer may add functions, which are present in the final battery to the tested unit.

IEC 62485-6:2021 applies to battery installations used for electric off-road vehicles; it does not cover the design of such vehicles. Examples of the main applications are: - industrial • cleaning machines, • trucks for material handling, for example, lift trucks, tow trucks, automatic guided vehicles, • electrically propulsed lifting platforms; - other applications • electric powered boats and ships.

IEC 62485-5:2020 applies to the installation of one or more stationary secondary batteries having a maximum aggregate DC voltage of 1 500 V to any DC part of the power network, and describes the principal measures for protections during normal operation or under expected fault conditions against hazards generated from: – electricity, – short-circuits, – electrolyte, – gas emission, – fire, – explosion. This document provides requirements on safety aspects associated with the installation, use, inspection, and maintenance and disposal of lithium ion batteries used in stationary applications.

IEC 62485-4:2015 applies to the safety aspects associated with the accommodation, the arrangements of circuits and the operation of secondary valve-regulated lead-acid cells and batteries in portable appliances. Requirements are specified which oblige the manufacturers of appliances and secondary batteries to prevent the misuse of batteries in the course of operation to provide protective measures avoiding injury to persons in case of battery failure and to provide sufficient information to users. This standard does not apply to secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes. This first edition cancels and replaces the first edition of IEC TR 61056-3 published in 1991. It constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the IEC TR 61056-3: a) updating of the requirements, and harmonisation of the text for consistency with the IEC 62485 series.