Radio-Interference Measurements and Statistical Methods

IEC 61000-4-22:2010 considers immunity tests and emission measurements for electric and/or electronic equipment. Only radiated phenomena are considered. It establishes the required test procedures for using fully anechoic rooms for performing radiated immunity testing and radiated emission measurements. IEC 61000-4-22:2010 establishes a common validation procedure, equipment under test (EUT) set-up requirements, and measurement methods for fully anechoic rooms (FARs) when both radiated electromagnetic emission measurements and radiated electromagnetic immunity tests will be performed in the same FAR. As a basic measurement standard, this part of IEC 61000 does not intend to specify the test levels or emission limits to be applied to particular apparatus or system(s). Its main goal is to provide general measurement procedures to all concerned product committees of IEC or CISPR. Specific product requirements and test conditions are defined by the responsible product committees. The methods described in this standard are appropriate for radiated emission measurements and immunity tests in the frequency range of 30 MHz to 18 GHz. IEC 61000-4-22:2010 has the status of a basic EMC publication in accordance with IEC Guide 107, Electromagnetic compatibility - Guide to the drafting of electromagnetic compatibility publications.

CISPR TR 16-4-5:2006+A1:2014 specifies a method to enable product committees to develop limits for alternative test methods, using conversions from established limits. This method is generally applicable for all kinds of disturbance measurements, but focuses on radiated disturbance measurements (i.e. field strength), for which several alternative methods are presently specified. These limits development methods are intended for use by product committees and other groups responsible for defining emissions limits in situations where it is decided to use alternative test methods and the associated limits in product standards. This consolidated version consists of the third edition (2006) and its amendment 1 (2014). Therefore, no need to order amendment in addition to this publication.

This Technical Report deals with statistical considerations in the determination of EMC compliance of mass-produced products. The reasons for such statistical considerations are: a) that the abatement of interference aims that the majority of the appliances to be approved shall not cause interference; b) that the CISPR limits should be suitable for the purpose of type approval of mass-produced appliances as well as approval of single-produced appliances; c that to ensure compliance of mass-produced appliances with the CISPR limits, statistical techniques have to be applied; d) that it is important for international trade that the limits shall be interpreted in the same way in every country; e) that the National Committees of the IEC which collaborate in the work of the CISPR should seek to secure the agreement of the competent authorities in their countries. Therefore, this part of CISPR 16 specifies requirements and provides guidance based on statistical techniques. EMC compliance of mass-produced appliances should be based on the application of statistical techniques that must reassure the consumer, with an 80 % degree of confidence, that 80 % of the appliances of a type being investigated comply with the emission or immunity requirements. This consolidated version consists of the second edition (2004) and its amendment 1 (2006). Therefore, no need to order amendment in addition to this publication.

CISPR/TR 16-4-1:2009 gives guidance on the treatment of uncertainties to those who are involved in the development or modification of CISPR electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) standards. In addition, this part provides useful background information for those who apply the standards and the uncertainty aspects in practice. The objectives of this part are to:
a) identify the parameters or sources governing the uncertainty associated with the statement that a given product complies with the requirement specified in a CISPR recommendation. This uncertainty will be called "standards compliance uncertainty";
b) give guidance on the estimation of the magnitude of the standards compliance uncertainty;
c) give guidance for the implementation of the standards compliance uncertainty into the compliance criterion of a CISPR standardised compliance test.
As such, this part can be considered as a handbook that can be used by standards writers to incorporate and harmonise uncertainty considerations in existing and future CISPR standards. This part also gives guidance to regulatory authorities, accreditation bodies and test engineers to judge the performance quality of an EMC test-laboratory carrying out CISPR standardised compliance tests. The uncertainty considerations given in this part can also be used as guidance when comparing test results (and their uncertainties) obtained by using different alternative test methods. The uncertainty of a compliance test also relates to the probability of occurrence of an electromagnetic interference (EMI) problem in practice. This aspect is recognized and introduced briefly in this part. However, the problem of relating uncertainties of a compliance test to the occurrence of EMI in practice is not considered within the scope of this part. The scope of this part is limited to all the relevant uncertainty considerations of a standardized EMC compliance test. This second edition of CISPR 16-4-1 cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2003, and its Amendments 1 (2004) and 2 (2007). It constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition. The provisions available for application of uncertainties in the determination of the compliance criterion are explained more generally and a procedure is added for re-testing an approved EUT by another test house.

CISPR TR 16-3:2020 RLV contains both the official IEC International Standard and its Redline version. The Redline version is available in English only and provides you with a quick and easy way to compare all the changes between the official IEC Standard and its previous edition.
CISPR 16-3:2020 is a collection of technical reports (Clause 4) that serve as background and supporting information for the various other standards and technical reports in CISPR 16 series. In addition, background information is provided on the history of CISPR, as well as a historical reference on the measurement of interference power from household and similar appliances in the VHF range (Clause 5). Over the years, CISPR prepared a number of recommendations and reports that have significant technical merit but were not generally available. Reports and recommendations were for some time published in CISPR 7 and CISPR 8. At its meeting in Campinas, Brazil, in 1988, CISPR subcommittee A agreed on the table of contents of CISPR 16-3, and to publish the reports for posterity by giving the reports a permanent place in CISPR 16-3. With the reorganization of CISPR 16 in 2003, the significance of CISPR limits material was moved to CISPR 16-4-3, whereas recommendations on statistics of disturbance complaints and on the report on the determination of limits were moved to CISPR 16‑4-4:2007. The contents of Amendment 1 (2002) of CISPR 16-3:2000 were moved to CISPR 16-4-1. NOTE As a consolidated collection of independent technical reports, this document can contain symbols that have differing meanings from one clause to the next. Attempts have been made to minimize this to the extent possible at the time of editing. This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2015. This edition constitutes a technical revision. The main technical change with respect to the previous edition consists of the addition of detailed background information on the large loop antenna system (LLAS) and its measurement method in general and on the models and equations which apply to calculate the reference validation factor and conversion factor curves.

CISPR 16-4-2:2011+A1:2014+A2:2018 is a basic EMC publication. It specifies the method of applying Measurement Instrumentation Uncertainty (MIU) when determining compliance with CISPR disturbance limits. The material is also relevant to any EMC test when interpretation of the results and conclusions reached will be impacted by the uncertainty of the measurement instrumentation used during testing. This second edition includes significant technical additions about methods of conducted disturbance measurements on mains and communication ports and about methods of radiated disturbance measurements using a FAR in the ranges of 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz and of 1 GHz to 18 GHz. The annexes contain the background material used in providing the amount of MIU found in generating the CISPR values shown in the main document and hence provide valuable background material for those needing both initial and further information on MIU and how to take individual uncertainties in the measurement chain into account. The annexes, however, are not intended to be a tutorial or user manual or to be copied when making uncertainty calculations. For that purpose, the references shown in the bibliography, or other widely recognized documents, may be used. Measurement instrumentation specifications are given in the CISPR 16-1 series, while the methods of measurement are covered in the CISPR 16-2 series. Further information and background on CISPR and radio disturbances is given in CISPR 16-3. The other parts of the CISPR 16-4 series contain further information on uncertainties in general, statistics and limit modelling. This consolidated version consists of the second edition (2011) and its corrigendum (2013), its amendment 1 (2014) and its amendment 2 (2018). Therefore, no need to order amendment in addition to this publication.

This part of CISPR 16 is designated a basic standard, which specifies the methods of measurement of immunity to EMC phenomena in the frequency range 9 kHz to 18 GHz. CISPR 16-2 has been reorganised into 4 parts, to accommodate growth and easier maintenance. This first edition of CISPR 16-2-4, together with CISPR 16-2-1, CISPR 16-2-2 and CISPR 16-2-3, cancels and replaces the second edition of CISPR 16-2, published in 2003. It contains the relevant clauses of CISPR 16-2 without technical changes.

CISPR 16-2-3:2016+A1:2019 specifies the methods of measurement of radiated disturbance phenomena in the frequency range of 9 kHz to 18 GHz. The aspects of measurement uncertainty are specified in CISPR 16-4-1 and CISPR 16-4-2. It has the status of a basic EMC publication in accordance with IEC Guide 107, "Electromagnetic compatibility - Guide to the drafting of electromagnetic compatibility publications". This fourth edition edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2010, its Amendment 1:2010 and its Amendment 2:2014. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This consolidated version consists of the fourth edition (2016) and its amendment 1 (2019). Therefore, no need to order amendment in addition to this publication.

CISPR 16-2-2:2010 specifies the methods of measurement of disturbance power using the absorbing clamp in the frequency range 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (2003), its Amendment 1 (2004) and Amendment 2 (2005). It constitutes a technical revision. It includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: provisions for the use of spectrum analyzers for compliance measurements (Annex D) and the use of FFT-based test instrumentation (Clauses 3, 6 and 8) are now included. CISPR 16-2-2:2010 has the status of a basic EMC publication in accordance with IEC Guide 107, Electromagnetic compatibility - Guide to the drafting of electromagnetic compatibility publications.

CISPR 16-2-1:2014+A1:2017 is designated a basic standard, which specifies the methods of measurement of disturbance phenomena in general in the frequency range 9 kHz to 18 GHz and especially of conducted disturbance phenomena in the frequency range 9 kHz to 30 MHz. With a CDNE, the frequency range is 9 kHz to 300 Hz. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2008, Amendment 1:2010 and Amendment 2:2013. This edition constitutes a technical revision which includes added methods of measurement using a new type of ancillary equipment: the CDNE.
This consolidated version consists of the third edition (2014) and its amendment 1 (2017). Therefore, no need to order amendment in addition to this publication.
The contents of the corrigendum 1 of August 2020 have been included in this copy.