Hydraulic Turbines

IEC 63132-4:2020 The purpose of this this part of IEC 63132 is to establish, in a general way, suitable procedures and tolerances for the installation of a vertical Kaplan or propeller turbine. This document presents a typical assembly and whenever the word “turbine” is used in this document, it refers to a vertical Kaplan or propeller turbine. There are many possible ways to assemble a unit. The size of the machine, design of the machine, layout of the powerhouse or delivery schedule of the components are some of the elements that could result in additional steps, the elimination of some steps and/or assembly sequences.
It is understood that a publication of this type will be binding only if, and to the extent that, both contracting parties have agreed upon it.
This document excludes matters of purely commercial interest, except those inextricably bound up with the conduct of installation.
The tolerances in this document have been established upon best practices and experience, although it is recognized that other standards specify different tolerances.
Wherever this document specifies that documents, drawings or information is supplied by a manufacturer (or by manufacturers), each individual manufacturer will furnish the appropriate information for their own supply only.

IEC 63132-3:2020 The purpose of this this part of IEC 63132 is to establish, in a general way, suitable procedures and tolerances for the installation of a vertical Francis turbine or pump-turbine. This document presents a typical assembly and whenever the word “turbine” is used in this document, it refers to a vertical Francis turbine or a pump-turbine. There are many possible ways to assemble a unit. The size of the machine, design of the machine, layout of the powerhouse or delivery schedule of the components are some of the elements that could result in additional steps, the elimination of some steps and/or assembly sequences.
It is understood that a publication of this type will be binding only if, and to the extent that, both contracting parties have agreed upon it.
This document excludes matters of purely commercial interest, except those inextricably bound up with the conduct of installation.
The tolerances in this document have been established upon best practices and experience, although it is recognized that other standards specify different tolerances.
Wherever this document specifies that documents, drawings or information is supplied by a manufacturer (or by manufacturers), each individual manufacturer will furnish the appropriate information for their own supply only.

IEC 63132-2:2020: The purpose of this this part of IEC 63132 is to establish, in a general way, suitable procedures and tolerances for installation of generator. This document presents a typical assembly. There are many possible ways to assemble a unit. The size of the machines, design of the machines, layout of the powerhouse or delivery schedule of the components are some of the elements that could result in additional steps, the elimination of some steps and/or assembly sequences.
It is understood that a publication of this type will be binding only if, and to the extent that, both contracting parties have agreed upon it.
This document excludes matters of purely commercial interest, except those inextricably bound up with the conduct of installation.
This document applies to vertical generators according to IEC 60034-7.
The tolerances in this document have been established upon best practices and experience, although it is recognized that other standards specify different tolerances.
Brushless excitation system is not included in this document.
Wherever this document specifies that documents, drawings or information is supplied by a manufacturer (or by manufacturers), each individual manufacturer will furnish the appropriate information for their own supply only.

IEC 63132-1:2020 The purpose of this part of IEC 63132 is to establish, in a general way, suitable procedures and tolerances for the installation of hydroelectric turbines and generators. This document presents a typical assembly. There are many possible ways to assemble a unit. The size of the machines, design of the machines, layout of the powerhouse and delivery schedule of the components are some of the elements that could result in additional steps, the elimination of some steps and/or assembly sequences.
It is understood that a publication of this type will be binding only if, and to the extent that, both contracting parties have agreed upon it.
Installations for refurbishment projects or for small hydro projects are not in the scope of this document. An agreement between all parties is necessary.
This document excludes matters of purely commercial interest, except those inextricably bound up with the conduct of installation.
The tolerances in this document have been established upon best practices and experience, although it is recognized that other standards specify different tolerances.
Wherever this document specifies that documents, drawings or information is supplied by a manufacturer (or manufacturers), each individual manufacturer will furnish the appropriate information for their own supply only.

IEC 62364:2019 RLV contains both the official IEC International Standard and its Redline version. The Redline version is available in English only and provides you with a quick and easy way to compare all the changes between the official IEC Standard and its previous edition.
IEC 62364:2019 gives guidelines for:
a) presenting data on hydro-abrasive erosion rates on several combinations of water quality, operating conditions, component materials, and component properties collected from a variety of hydro sites;
b) developing guidelines for the methods of minimizing hydro-abrasive erosion by modifications to hydraulic design for clean water. These guidelines do not include details such as hydraulic profile shapes which are determined by the hydraulic design experts for a given site;
c) developing guidelines based on “experience data” concerning the relative resistance of materials faced with hydro-abrasive erosion problems;
d) developing guidelines concerning the maintainability of materials with high resistance to hydro-abrasive erosion and hardcoatings;
e) developing guidelines on a recommended approach, which owners could and should take to ensure that specifications communicate the need for particular attention to this aspect of hydraulic design at their sites without establishing criteria which cannot be satisfied because the means are beyond the control of the manufacturers;
f) developing guidelines concerning operation mode of the hydro turbines in water with particle materials to increase the operation life.
It is assumed in this document that the water is not chemically aggressive. Since chemical aggressiveness is dependent upon so many possible chemical compositions, and the materials of the machine, it is beyond the scope of this document to address these issues. It is assumed in this document that cavitation is not present in the turbine. Cavitation and hydro-abrasive erosion can reinforce each other so that the resulting erosion is larger than the sum of cavitation erosion plus hydro-abrasive erosion. The quantitative relationship of the resulting hydro-abrasive erosion is not known and it is beyond the scope of this document to assess it, except to suggest that special efforts be made in the turbine design phase to minimize cavitation. Large solids (e.g. stones, wood, ice, metal objects, etc.) traveling with the water can impact turbine components and produce damage. This damage can in turn increase the flow turbulence thereby accelerating wear by both cavitation and hydro-abrasive erosion. Hydro-abrasive erosion resistant coatings can also be damaged locally by impact of large solids. It is beyond the scope of this document to address these issues. This document focuses mainly on hydroelectric powerplant equipment. Certain portions can also be applicable to other hydraulic machines. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2013. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) the formula for TBO in Pelton reference model has been modified;
b) the formula for calculating sampling interval has been modified;
c) the chapter in hydro-abrasive erosion resistant coatings has been substantially modified;
d) the annex with test data for hydro-abrasive erosion resistant materials has been removed;
e) a simplified hydro-abrasive erosion evaluation has been added.

IEC 62270:2013 addresses the application, design concepts, and implementation of computer-based control systems for hydroelectric plant automation. It addresses functional capabilities, performance requirements, interface requirements, hardware considerations, and operator training. It includes recommendations for system testing and acceptance. The electrical protective system (generator and step-up transformer) is beyond the scope of this guide. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2004. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
- update of system architecture aspects, with different process control system configurations;
- update of communications, user and plant interfaces aspects;
- suppression of case studies, because of the quickness of evolution of the technology;
- complete review of the bibliography, making mention of many IEC and IEEE standards as new references and addition of a new informative Annex B on legacy control systems. This publication is published as an IEC/IEEE Dual Logo standard. Key words: Hydroelectric, Automation, Computer-Based Control

IEC 62270:2013 addresses the application, design concepts, and implementation of computer-based control systems for hydroelectric plant automation. It addresses functional capabilities, performance requirements, interface requirements, hardware considerations, and operator training. It includes recommendations for system testing and acceptance. The electrical protective system (generator and step-up transformer) is beyond the scope of this guide. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2004. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
- update of system architecture aspects, with different process control system configurations;
- update of communications, user and plant interfaces aspects;
- suppression of case studies, because of the quickness of evolution of the technology;
- complete review of the bibliography, making mention of many IEC and IEEE standards as new references and addition of a new informative Annex B on legacy control systems. This publication is published as an IEC/IEEE Dual Logo standard. Key words: Hydroelectric, Automation, Computer-Based Control

IEC 62256:2017 RLV contains both the official IEC International Standard and its Redline version. The Redline version is available in English only and provides you with a quick and easy way to compare all the changes between the official IEC Standard and its previous edition.

IEC 62256:2017 covers turbines, storage pumps and pump-turbines of all sizes and of the following types: Francis; Kaplan; propeller; Pelton (turbines only) and bulb turbines.
This document also identifies without detailed discussion, other powerhouse equipment that could affect or be affected by a turbine, storage pump, or pump-turbine rehabilitation. The object of this document is to assist in identifying, evaluating and executing rehabilitation and performance improvement projects for hydraulic turbines, storage pumps and pump-turbines. This document can be used by owners, consultants, and suppliers to define: needs and economics for rehabilitation and performance improvement; scope of work; specifications and evaluation of results. This document is intended to be: an aid in the decision process; an extensive source of information on rehabilitation; an identification of the key milestones in the rehabilitation process; and identification of the points to be addressed in the decision processes. This document is not intended to be a detailed engineering manual nor a maintenance document. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2008. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: Tables 2 to 23 modified, completed and moved to Annex A; 7.3.2: subclauses moved with text changes; new subclauses on temperature, noise, galvanic corrosion, galling and replacement of components without assessment; 7.3.3: complete new subclause on residual life; Tables 29 to 32 moved to Annex C; New Annex B with assessment examples.

IEC 62006:2010 defines the test, the measuring methods and the contractual guarantee conditions for field acceptance tests of the generating machinery in small hydroelectric power installations. It applies to installations containing impulse or reaction turbines with unit power up to about 15 MW and reference diameter of about 3 m. The driven generator can be of synchronous or asynchronous type. This International Standard contains information about most of the tests required for acceptance of the hydraulic turbine such as safety approval tests, trial operating and reliability tests, as well for verification of cavitation, noise and vibration conditions, if required. This standard represents the typical methods used on smaller hydroelectric installations, and is divided into three classes as follows:
Class A: Default, normal test program (panel measurement), to determine the maximum output of the installation.
Class B: Recommended, extended test program, to determine the performance characteristics of the installation.
Class C: Optional, comprehensive test program, to determine the absolute efficiency of the installation.
All classes contain safety tests, trial operating tests, and reliability tests. This standard gives all necessary references for the contract in order to execute the test, evaluate, calculate and compare the result to the guarantee for all the classes A, B and C.

IEC 61362:2012 includes relevant technical data necessary to describe hydraulic turbine governing systems and to define their performance. It is aimed at unifying and thus facilitating the selection of relevant parameters in bidding specifications and technical bids. It will also serve as a basis for setting up technical guarantees. The scope of this standard is restricted to the turbine governing level. Additionally some remarks about the control loops of the plant level and about primary and secondary frequency control (see also Annex B) are made for better understanding without making a claim to be complete. Important topics covered are:
- speed, power, water level, opening and flow (discharge) control for reaction and impulse-type turbines including double regulated machines;
- means of providing actuating energy;
- safety devices for emergency shutdown.
To facilitate the setting up of specifications, this guide also includes data sheets, which are to be filled out by the customer and the supplier in the various stages of the project and the contract. Acceptance tests, specific test procedures and guarantees are outside the scope of the guide; those topics are covered by IEC 60308. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 1998. It is a technical revision. It takes into account the experience with the guide during the last decade as well as the progress in the state of the art of the underlying technologies. Keywords: Hydraulic turbine, Hydraulic turbine governing systems.